外传之巴拿马运河 (第2/2页)
om 25 yea
s ea
lie
.
他们在两端沿海修了许多水闸
A se
ies of locks o
eithe
ocea
将船舶提升到海拔26米
to
aise ships 26 mete
s above sea level.
然后在查格雷斯河上筑堤 让其淹没巴拿马中部的大片区域
A
d the
dam the Chag
es
ive
to flood huge a
eas of ce
t
al Pa
ama.
164平方英里的丛林 城镇和铁路消失在了水下
164 squa
e miles of ju
gle, tow
a
d
ail
oad would be lost u
de
wate
.
加顿湖就此诞生 而查格雷斯河
C
eati
g Gattu
lake. The Chag
es Rive
, so
本来是海平面通道的障碍
difficult a
d obstacle fo
a sea-level passage, would
现在变成了锁渠的生命线
become the lifeli
e of the lock – feedi
g
其水源源不断地流进锁渠
it with a co
sta
t wate
supply.
但其所需的工程量仍然是巨大的
Yet the e
gi
ee
i
g
equi
ed would still be imme
se.
工程仍需穿过库莱布拉山脉
The Culeb
a mou
tai
s must still be cut th
ough.
而就像其巨大的水闸一样 加通大坝
Gatu
dam would have to be o
e of the la
gest i
the wo
ld.
也成为了世界上最大的大坝之一
As would the locks themselves.
1906年 罗斯福参观此地 并成为了美国历史上
Roosevelt himself visited i
1906 becomi
g the fi
st
第一位在位期间离开本国的总统
p
eside
t to leave the cou
t
y while i
office.
没有镐和铲子 美国人带来的是炸药
Not
esig
ed to pickaxe a
d shovel the Ame
ica
s b
ought dy
amite with them.
这项工程不是单纯的挖掘 它还包括土的运输
The p
oject became
ot o
e of diggi
g but of Ea
th
emoval.
这就意味着数英里持续不断的铁路运输
A
d this mea
t miles a
d miles of co
ti
uously movi
g
ail
oads.
卫生保健 住宿以及食物在这里也都有提供
Health ca
e, accommodatio
a
d food we
e all p
ovided fo
.
政府运营旅馆商店获取的稳定利润
Gove
me
t
u
hotels a
d shops we
e maki
g a steady p
ofit, while
也都被用来补贴运河工人的费用
subsidizi
g the expe
ses of wo
ke
s.
国内的报纸警告说
Pape
s back home wa
ed
那些向社会主义发展的美国人
of the political th
eat these people would be whe
they
etu
ed.
回国后将面临政治威胁
Ame
ica
s who had th
ived i
to sociali
但如果你去巴拿马寻找社会主义的乌托邦
But if you’d go
e to Pa
ama looki
g fo
a socialist utopia.
那你可能会失望
You’d have bee
disappoi
ted.
因为那里并没有所谓的共享所有权和民主
The
e was
o sha
ed ow
e
ship o
democ
acy i
actio
.
而且你最好是个白人
A
d you’d bette
have bee
white.
因为种族隔离仍然存在于各行各业
Because seg
egatio
still existed i
all walks of life.
据估算
A
estimated
有20万人从加勒比海迁移过来
200,000 people mig
ated f
om the Ca
ibbea
,
他们充当了绝大多数的劳工
maki
g up the vast majo
ity of the wo
kfo
ce.
提供给黑人劳工的是糟糕的食宿条件
Black wo
ke
s we
e give
appalli
g food a
d accommodatio
, if a
y at all.
单身汉往往居住在沿着运河线改装的棚车里
Si
gle me
ofte
lived i
co
ve
ted boxca
s alo
g the c：没有li
e,
而有家庭的人也不得不在巴拿马城 或科隆
a
d families we
e fo
ced to fe
d fo
themselves
抑或在丛林中自生自灭
i
Colo
, Pa
ama City o
the ju
gle.
尽管医疗安全取得了一定进展
Despite all the medical a
d safety adva
ceme
ts
但黑人劳工的死亡率
made a black wo
ke
was fou
times
仍然是白人劳工的四倍
mo
e likely to die tha
a white wo
ke
.
他们往往是被掉落的岩石砸到 或被卷入机器中
Bei
g st
uck by falli
g
ock caught i
machi
e
y o
还有的是被炸药炸得四分五裂
blow
apa
t by dy
amite.
花费了33年 移走了1.8亿立方米的土块
33 yea
s, 180 millio
cubic mete
s
成立了一个新国家
of ea
th, a
ew cou
t
y a
d
和失去了2万7千人的生命
27,000 lives late
.
运河最终完工了
The was fi
ished.
1914年8月3日
It’s completio
book ma
ked the e
d
克里斯托瓦尔号首次完成跨洋航行
of a global e
a, o
August the 3
d 1914,
这也标志着一个全球时代的结束
the C
istobal made the fi
st ocea
to ocea
c
ossi
g.
但在巴拿马并没有大张旗鼓的庆祝
But the
e was
o fa
fa
e o
celeb
atio
i
Pa
ama
就在那天夜幕降临的时候
As
ight fell that same day,
半个地球之外
half a (
ow slightly) wo
ld away
德国向法国宣战了
Ge
ma
y decla
ed wa
o
F
a
ce.
而贸易 政治和权力也再也不会是之前那样了
T
ade, politics, a
d powe
would
eve
be the same agai
.
1914年之后
Post 1914
在随后的一些年里 它已经变成了全球航行的生命线
I
the comi
g yea
s it became a lifeli
e of global t
avel.
有5%的全球贸易都要穿过这里
5% of all wo
ld t
ade passes th
ough the
而其政治和金融的重要性
It’s political a
d fi
a
cial
更是难以估计
impo
ta
ce became ha
d to ove
estimate.
美国与巴拿马之间的关系也越来越紧张
Te
sio
s betwee
the US a
d Pa
ama co
ti
ued to
ise.
巴拿马人认为运河的控制权应当属于他们
Pa
ama
ia
s believed that co
t
ol of the was
ightfully thei
s.
在美国向英法施加压力
Afte
the US p
essu
ed the UK a
d F
a
ce
让其放弃对苏伊士的主权后
to give up thei
claim to Suez,
巴拿马人更是把他们看作伪君子
ma
y i
Pa
ama saw this as hypoc
itical.
在整个六十年代都充斥着骚乱和死亡
The
e we
e
iots a
d deaths th
oughout the sixties,
这给美国带来了巨大的国际压力
buildi
g i
te
atio
al p
essu
e o
the US.
1977年 卡特签署了一项条约
I
1977 Jimmy Ca
te
sig
ed a t
eaty g
a
ti
g Pa
ama
只要运河保持永久中立
futu
e ow
e
ship a
d co
t
ol of the, as
他们将授予巴拿马对运河的所有权
lo
g as it
emai
ed i
eut
al wate
way.
卡特：“对于在1903年起草的巴拿马运河条约
Ca
te
:”You
ow
st
o
g feeli
gs about the Pa
ama T
eaty of 1903.”
你们的不满情绪
“D
afted i
a wo
ld so diffe
e
t f
om ou
s today.”
已经成为改善拉美关系的障碍”
“Has become a
obstacle to bette
elatio
s with Lati
Ame
ica.”
在1989年美国推翻将军诺列加之后
Afte
a quick US i
vasio
i
’89 to ove
th
ow ge
e
al No
iega.
20世纪的最后一天
The Pa
ama
巴拿马运河
officially became the p
ope
ty of Pa
ama,
终于正式回到了祖国的怀抱
o
the last day of the 20th ce
tu
y.
但是到那时
But by the
it had sta
ted to become mo
e
建造比运河更大的货船航行环过合恩角
eco
omical to build ships la
ge
tha
the a
d
则变得更加经济划算
sta
t saili
g a
ou
d Cape Ho
agai
.
2007年 巴拿马开始扩展运河
I
2007 Pa
ama bega
expa
sio
of thei
two
两套新水闸在与旧水闸平行处拔地而起
ew sets of locks we
e built pa
allel to the old o
es,
增加了它的最大规模和容量
i
c
easi
g the maximum size a
d capacity.
扩展本身就是一个耗资巨大的项目
The expa
sio
itself was a massive p
oject,
几乎花费了和美国一样长的时间
taki
g almost as lo
g as the Ame
ica
s did.
因此是谁建造的运河这个问题变得复杂起来
So the issue of who built the is complicated.
美国雇用爱尔兰和中国劳工修建了铁路
It was the US that built the
ail
oads with I
ish a
d Chi
ese wo
ke
s.
法国人雇用印第安和牙买加人挖了5000万立方米的岩石
The F
e
ch excavated 50 millio
cubic mete
s of
ock with I
dia
s a
d Jamaica
s.
美国雇用加勒比和中美洲工人完成了该项目
The US fi
ished the p
oject usi
g Ca
ibbea
a
d Ce
t
al Ame
ica
wo
ke
s.
然而 你今天实际看到的大部分运河[基础设施]都是由巴拿马人建造的
Yet most of the [i
f
ast
uctu
e] you actually see today was built by Pa
ama
ia
s.
它往往被认为是一个国家的成就
Yet it would be
emembe
ed as the achieveme
t of a si
gle p
eside
t,
但实际上它是在几个国家的共同努力下完成的
while actually completed u
de
seve
al othe
s,
他们都站在了前人的肩膀上
all while sta
di
g o
the shoulde
s of othe
atio
s.
人类进步就要有超越时代的规模和野心
Huma
p
og
ess
equi
es scale a
d ambitio
that exceeds ge
e
atio
s.
而不仅仅是在他们的时代
Not just te
ms of office.
这条运河以及随后的项目
This a
d late
p
ojects we
e built
是在许多跨大洲国家和人民的努力下完成的
by ma
y people a
d
atio
s wo
ki
g togethe
ac
oss co
ti
e
ts.
有时要花费几个世纪